This research addressed the debate regarding a person's right to decide about their death in a state of prolonged and painful illness. In a stage of chronic severity and/or terminal illness, achieving death with dignity is through euthanasia, which has been influenced by two philosophical currents, composed of people from science and religion, founded on beliefs and knowledge motivated by the right to human dignity, both to defend and reject it. For its defenders, the patient's human dignity consists of the right to self-determination and freedom to decide the moment of death. In contrast, for its detractors, human dignity means opposing this right, considering it human arbitrariness against a matter of exclusively divine jurisdiction for some and scientific-legal for other positions. It should be emphasized that social sciences and health in recent decades have achieved significant advances for societies and their subjects, which has led to exhaustive studies about their scope and the reinterpretation of their object of study. In coherence with the above, the science of law cannot be alien to these changes, rather it should be concerned with understanding new social needs, which directly impact the legal phenomenon of States, making it necessary to contribute to Dominican scientific research on this social dilemma.